Understanding and Managing Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Patient Guide

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer is a malignancy that begins in the colon (large intestine) or rectum. It typically starts as small, benign growths called polyps that may become cancerous over time.

Risk Factors

• Age (especially over 50)
• Family history of colorectal cancer
• Personal history of polyps
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Lifestyle factors:
  • Smoking
  • Heavy alcohol use
  • Diet high in red/processed meats
  • Physical inactivity
  • Obesity

Screening and Detection

Recommended Screening Methods

• Colonoscopy (every 10 years)
• Stool-based tests (annually)
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy (every 5 years)

Common Symptoms

• Changes in bowel habits
• Blood in stool
• Persistent abdominal discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue

Treatment Options

Surgery

• Polypectomy
• Colectomy
• Minimally invasive procedures

Other Treatments

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Targeted therapy
• Immunotherapy

Living with Colorectal Cancer

During Treatment

• Managing side effects
• Nutrition guidelines
• Physical activity recommendations
• Emotional support resources

Follow-up Care

• Regular monitoring
• Survivorship care plan
• Lifestyle modifications

Support Resources

• Support groups
• Patient organizations
• Financial assistance programs
• Counseling services

Prevention Strategies

• Regular screening
• Healthy diet
• Regular exercise
• Smoking cessation
• Limiting alcohol intake