What Are Bed Bugs?
Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are small, oval-shaped insects that feed on human blood. These nocturnal parasites are approximately 4-5mm in length when fully grown and have a reddish-brown coloration.
Signs and Symptoms
Physical Signs of Infestation
- Small brown or red spots on bedding (bug excrement)
- Tiny bloodstains on sheets
- Shed bed bug skins
- Live bugs in mattress seams and furniture crevices
Bite Characteristics
- Clustered or linear pattern of small, red welts
- Intense itching
- Usually on exposed skin during sleep
- May take 1-3 days to appear
Health Impact
Common Reactions
- Allergic responses
- Skin irritation
- Secondary infections from scratching
- Sleep disturbances
- Anxiety and psychological distress
Prevention Methods
When Traveling
- Inspect hotel rooms thoroughly
- Keep luggage elevated and away from beds
- Check clothing and luggage before returning home
At Home
- Use mattress and box spring encasements
- Reduce clutter
- Regularly inspect bedding
- Vacuum frequently
Treatment Options
Professional Intervention
- Licensed pest control services
- Heat treatment
- Chemical treatments
Home Care
- Washing affected items in hot water (60°C/140°F)
- High-heat drying
- Freezing items at -18°C/0°F for 4 days
When to Seek Medical Help
- Severe allergic reactions
- Signs of infection
- Persistent skin problems
- Mental health concerns
Long-term Management
- Regular inspections
- Maintain preventive measures
- Early intervention if signs reappear