Understanding Adrenal Disorders: A Patient's Guide

What Are the Adrenal Glands?

The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped organs located on top of each kidney. They produce essential hormones that:

• Control blood pressure
• Manage stress response
• Regulate metabolism
• Balance electrolytes
• Support immune system function

Common Adrenal Disorders

1. Addison's Disease (Adrenal Insufficiency)

• Insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone
• Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure
• May require lifetime hormone replacement therapy

2. Cushing's Syndrome

• Excess cortisol production
• Characterized by weight gain, muscle weakness, and skin changes
• Can be caused by medications or tumors

3. Pheochromocytoma

• Rare tumors that produce excess adrenaline
• Causes high blood pressure, sweating, and rapid heartbeat
• Usually treated with surgery

Warning Signs

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe fatigue
• Unexplained weight changes
• Persistent nausea
• Dizziness upon standing
• Dark skin patches
• Muscle weakness

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Blood and urine tests
• Imaging studies (CT, MRI)
• Hormone level testing

Treatment options may include:

• Hormone replacement therapy
• Medication management
• Surgery when necessary
• Lifestyle modifications

Living with Adrenal Disorders

Management strategies include:

• Regular medical monitoring
• Stress management
• Proper nutrition
• Emergency preparedness
• Support group participation