Understanding Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)

What is ALL?

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells called lymphocytes. It develops rapidly and requires immediate treatment.

Key Facts

• Most common childhood cancer
• Affects both children and adults
• Requires urgent medical attention
• Highly treatable with modern therapies

Symptoms

Common Signs

• Persistent fatigue
• Frequent infections
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Bone and joint pain
• Pale skin
• Unexplained fever
• Night sweats

Diagnosis

Initial Tests

• Blood tests
• Bone marrow biopsy
• Lumbar puncture
• Genetic testing

Treatment Options

Main Phases

1. Induction: Initial intensive chemotherapy
2. Consolidation: Further treatment to prevent relapse
3. Maintenance: Long-term therapy

Types of Treatment

• Chemotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Stem cell transplantation
• Radiation therapy (in specific cases)

Prognosis

• Varies by age and genetic factors
• Better outcomes in children
• Survival rates improving with new treatments

Living with ALL

Daily Management

• Regular medical appointments
• Infection prevention
• Proper nutrition
• Physical activity as tolerated
• Emotional support

Support Resources

• Support groups
• Patient organizations
• Social workers
• Mental health professionals