Recognizing Melanoma: The ABCDE Warning Signs

Introduction

Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes. Learn the ABCDE warning signs to help identify potential melanomas.

The ABCDE Rule

A - Asymmetry

• One half of the mole doesn't match the other
• Regular moles are typically symmetrical

B - Border

• Irregular, notched, or scalloped edges
• Healthy moles have smooth, even borders

C - Color

• Multiple colors or uneven coloring
• Watch for various shades of:
  • Brown
  • Black
  • Red
  • Blue
  • White

D - Diameter

• Larger than 6 millimeters (size of a pencil eraser)
• Note: Some melanomas can be smaller

E - Evolution

• Changes in size, shape, color, or elevation
• New symptoms (itching, bleeding, crusting)

Additional Warning Signs

• New moles after age 40
• Moles that look different from others ("ugly duckling" sign)
• Changes in existing moles

When to See a Doctor

• Annual skin checks recommended
• Immediate evaluation if you notice:
  • Any ABCDE signs
  • Rapid changes in existing moles
  • Unusual skin growths

Prevention Tips

1. Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+)
2. Avoid peak UV hours (10am-4pm)
3. Wear protective clothing
4. Perform monthly self-examinations