Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)

What is Primary Biliary Cholangitis?

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that primarily affects the bile ducts in your liver. In this condition, the immune system mistakenly attacks and gradually destroys these small bile ducts.

Key Facts

• Predominantly affects women (90% of cases)
• Usually diagnosed between ages 30-60
• Progressive condition that develops slowly over many years
• Can lead to liver cirrhosis if untreated

Common Symptoms

Early Stage:

• Fatigue
• Itching (pruritus)
• Dry eyes and mouth
• Right upper abdominal discomfort

Advanced Stage:

• Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes)
• Darkened skin
• Swollen feet and ankles
• Bone pain

Diagnosis

Common Tests Include:

• Blood tests for liver function
• Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) test
• Liver biopsy (in some cases)
• Imaging studies

Treatment Options

Medications

1. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)

   • First-line treatment
   • Helps improve bile flow
   • Can slow disease progression

2. Obeticholic acid

   • Used when UDCA alone is insufficient
   • Helps reduce liver inflammation

Symptom Management

• Medications for itching
• Supplements for bone health
• Regular monitoring of liver function

Lifestyle Changes

• Maintain a healthy diet
• Exercise regularly
• Avoid alcohol
• Stop smoking
• Get vaccinated against hepatitis

Prognosis and Monitoring

• Regular medical check-ups
• Blood tests every 3-6 months
• Monitoring for complications
• Early treatment improves outcomes

When to Seek Medical Attention

• Severe itching
• Yellowing of skin or eyes
• Unexplained weight loss
• Severe fatigue
• Abdominal swelling