Living with Type 1 Diabetes: Essential Management Guide

Blood Sugar Monitoring

How Often Should I Check My Blood Sugar?

• At least 4-6 times daily
• Before meals and snacks
• Before and after exercise
• Before bedtime
• When feeling symptoms of low/high blood sugar

Target Blood Sugar Ranges

• Before meals: 80-130 mg/dL
• 2 hours after meals: Below 180 mg/dL
• Bedtime: 90-150 mg/dL

Insulin Management

Types of Insulin

1. Rapid-acting: Works in 15 minutes, peaks 1-2 hours
2. Short-acting: Works in 30 minutes, peaks 2-3 hours
3. Intermediate-acting: Works in 2-4 hours, peaks 4-12 hours
4. Long-acting: Works over 24 hours, no peak

Storage Guidelines

• Unopened insulin: Refrigerate (36-46°F)
• In-use insulin: Room temperature (<86°F)
• Never freeze

Lifestyle Considerations

Exercise

• Check blood sugar before, during, and after
• Carry fast-acting carbs
• Adjust insulin as needed
• Stay hydrated

Diet Management

• Count carbohydrates accurately
• Maintain consistent meal times
• Balance nutrients
• Monitor portion sizes

Emergency Preparedness

Hypoglycemia Kit Contents

• Glucose tablets/gel
• Glucagon injection
• Medical ID
• Emergency contacts

When to Seek Medical Help

• Blood sugar >300 mg/dL with ketones
• Severe hypoglycemia
• Persistent vomiting
• Chest pain or difficulty breathing