Understanding Your Condition
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where your pancreas doesn't produce insulin. Managing this condition requires daily attention and care, but with proper knowledge and tools, you can lead a healthy, fulfilling life.
Key Management Components
1. Blood Glucose Monitoring
- Check blood glucose 4-10 times daily
- Target ranges:
- Before meals: 80-130 mg/dL
- 2 hours after meals: <180 mg/dL
- Record readings in a logbook or app
2. Insulin Therapy
-
Basal insulin: Long-acting insulin for background control
-
Bolus insulin: Rapid-acting insulin for meals and corrections
- Learn to calculate insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios
- Understand correction factors
3. Nutrition Management
- Count carbohydrates accurately
- Balance meals with:
- Complex carbohydrates
- Lean proteins
- Healthy fats
- Time meals consistently
4. Exercise Considerations
- Monitor glucose before, during, and after exercise
- Carry fast-acting carbohydrates during activity
- Adjust insulin doses as needed
- Stay hydrated
Emergency Preparedness
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar)
Symptoms:
- Shakiness
- Sweating
- Confusion
- Weakness
Treatment:
- Check blood glucose
- Follow the 15-15 rule:
- Take 15g fast-acting carbs
- Wait 15 minutes
- Recheck glucose
Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar)
Symptoms:
- Excessive thirst
- Frequent urination
- Fatigue
Action Steps:
- Check ketones
- Take correction insulin as prescribed
- Stay hydrated
Regular Medical Care
- Schedule A1C tests every 3-6 months
- Annual eye examinations
- Regular foot checks
- Dental check-ups twice yearly
Technology and Tools
- Consider continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
- Explore insulin pump options
- Use diabetes management apps
Support Resources
- Join diabetes support groups
- Connect with certified diabetes educators
- Utilize online resources from recognized organizations
Always consult your healthcare team before making significant changes to your diabetes management plan.