Introduction
Physical activity is a crucial component of Type 1 diabetes management. This guide outlines safe exercise practices while maintaining optimal blood glucose control.
Pre-Exercise Guidelines
Blood Glucose Monitoring
- Check blood glucose 30 minutes before exercise
- Target range: 126-180 mg/dL (7-10 mmol/L)
- If <126 mg/dL: Consume 15-30g carbohydrates
- If >250 mg/dL: Check ketones and postpone if positive
Insulin Adjustments
- Reduce bolus insulin by 25-75% for meals before exercise
- Consider reducing basal insulin for long duration activities
- Discuss specific adjustments with your endocrinologist
Exercise Types and Recommendations
Aerobic Exercise
- Start with 20-30 minutes, 3-4 times weekly
- Examples:
- Brisk walking
- Swimming
- Cycling
- Light jogging
Resistance Training
- 2-3 sessions per week
- Focus on major muscle groups
- Start with body weight exercises
- Progress to light weights with proper form
During Exercise Monitoring
Signs to Watch For
- Hypoglycemia symptoms
- Excessive fatigue
- Irregular heartbeat
- Shortness of breath
Safety Measures
- Keep fast-acting glucose nearby
- Exercise with a partner when possible
- Wear medical ID
- Carry your glucose meter
Post-Exercise Care
Monitoring Schedule
- Check glucose immediately after exercise
- Recheck 2-3 hours post-exercise
- Monitor before bed if evening exercise
Recovery Nutrition
- Consume protein and carbohydrates within 30 minutes
- Stay hydrated
- Monitor for delayed hypoglycemia
Special Considerations
High-Risk Activities
- Swimming
- Mountain climbing
- Extended hiking
- Contact sports
Additional Precautions
- Avoid exercise during insulin peak times
- Check feet for injuries after activity
- Maintain proper hydration
- Adjust treatment plan seasonally
Emergency Protocols
- Keep glucagon accessible
- Know your emergency contacts
- Document exercise responses
- Review safety plan regularly