Introduction
Dietary therapy can be an effective treatment option for epilepsy, particularly in cases where medications alone don't provide adequate seizure control.
Types of Dietary Therapies
1. Classical Ketogenic Diet (KD)
- 4:1 or 3:1 ratio of fats to proteins and carbohydrates
- Strictly measured and weighed portions
- Requires medical supervision
- Most effective for children with drug-resistant epilepsy
2. Modified Atkins Diet (MAD)
- Less restrictive than classical KD
- 65-70% calories from fat
- No protein restriction
- 10-20g net carbohydrates daily
3. Low Glycemic Index Diet (LGID)
- Focuses on low glycemic index foods (≤50)
- 60-65% calories from fat
- More flexible meal planning
Implementation Guidelines
Getting Started
-
Medical Evaluation
- Complete blood work
- Metabolic screening
- Medication review
-
Dietary Initiation
- Gradual introduction
- Close monitoring of ketone levels
- Regular weight checks
Monitoring Parameters
- Blood glucose levels
- Ketone levels (blood or urine)
- Seizure frequency diary
- Side effects tracking
Potential Side Effects
- Constipation
- Kidney stones
- Nutrient deficiencies
- Growth issues (in children)
Required Supplements
- Multivitamin with minerals
- Calcium with Vitamin D
- Additional supplements as prescribed
Success Strategies
- Maintain detailed food records
- Plan meals in advance
- Keep emergency snacks available
- Regular medical follow-up
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
- Severe side effects
- Persistent low ketone levels
- Increased seizure activity
- Illness or infection
Resources
- Epilepsy Foundation website
- Local epilepsy support groups
- Registered dietitian referral
- Recipe resources